The field of Neonatology (Newborn Medicine) has experienced some remarkable progress over the last four decades in care of the newborn. This has reflected with dramatic reductions in both neonatal and infant mortality and has enabled the neonatal team to save more babies of lower gestational age and extremely low birth weight (ELBW). In the present times, the incidence of prematurity is high in both western and eastern worlds. However, morbidity rate of neurodevelopmental impairment has not decreased for this population.

The preterm infant experiences a hostile environment in the intensive care (NICU) setting as compared to the womb,…